Luther Mosely was born in Vermont in 1807. There is little information about his early years, but by 1838 he had established a medical practice in Arlington, Vermont. Mosely and his wife Sarah (b.1820) had three children: Georgiana (b.1839), Luther Jr. (b.1845), and Sarah (b.1849). Luther Jr. also became a doctor, and father and son may have worked together. The senior Mosely made a comfortable living from medicine. By 1870 he owned $3000 in personal property. He also owned $6000 in Arlington real estate, including two lots on Main Street. Mosely continued his practice in the town until 1876, when he either moved away or died.