Mary Metlay Kaufman Papers, 1917 - 1994 (Bulk: 1946-1986)
102 boxes (49 linear ft.)
Collection number: MS 300
Collection number: MS 300
Terms of Access and Use:
The papers are open to research according to the regulations of the Sophia Smith Collection, with the following exceptions:
Researchers must agree not to identify any clients represented by Mary Kaufman who are still living without their written permission.
The file on Grossman v. Joan Baez is closed until Baez's death.
Copyright for unpublished works by Mary Kaufman is held by her son, Michael Kaufman. Permission must be obtained to publish reproductions or quotations beyond "fair use." Copyright to materials authored by others may be owned by those individuals or their heirs or assigns. It is the responsibility of the researcher to identify and satisfy the holders of all copyrights. Permission to publish reproductions or quotations beyond "fair use" must also be obtained from the Sophia Smith Collection as owners of the physical property.
Mary Metlay was born November 9, 1912 in Atlanta, Georgia, the daughter of Nathan and Etta (Kirschner) Metlay who had emigrated from Russia. In 1917, the Metlay family moved to Brooklyn, New York. Kaufman described her family's influence on her social consciousness and activism:
"From early childhood, I was very much attuned to the problems of the poor. Poverty was my economic level up until the time I finished law school. My mother led a rent strike during the early days...on the East Side, and I also participated in things like that and the monumental hunger marches and organization of the unemployed in the 1930s.... The other thing that influenced me greatly since childhood was the fact that in my family women did not play a secondary role.... So that although I grew up in a society where women were generally oppressed, I didn't have to battle my personal environment." (Marlise James, The People's Lawyers, 1973)
Kaufman attended James Madison High School and earned her bachelor's degree in Political Science from Brooklyn College in 1932. For the next four years she studied for her law degree, attending night classes at St. John's University Law School while working for the Remedial Reading Program of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). After being admitted to the New York bar in 1937, she continued her organizing work with WPA legal projects and was involved in the Lawyers' Security League, an organization of lawyers working with the WPA. During this time she also worked for labor lawyer, Frank Scheiner, "representing parties at conferences before the New York State and National Labor Relations Board." She was one of the original members of the progressive National Lawyers' Guild, founded in 1937, and was active on both the national level and in the New York City Chapter into the 1970s.
In 1940, Kaufman moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the National Labor Relations Board as a Review Attorney, analyzing transcripts of hearings, reporting findings to the Board, and writing decisions. That same year she married Frederick Kaufman and a year later returned to New York to raise their son Michael, born September 1941. In 1944 Kaufman moved back to Washington with her son to work for the National War Labor Board, and then the National Wage Stabilization Board until 1947. She and her husband were separated in 1946 and eventually divorced in 1952.
From 1947 to 1948, Kaufman served on the prosecution team of the U.S. Military Tribunal in Nuremburg, Germany, in the case against the international chemical cartel, I.G. Farben (United States v. Krauch). I.G. Farben was a financial supporter of the Nazi regime, and was charged with pillaging the chemical industries of occupied Europe; using slave labor; and manufacturing the gas used in the Nazi death camps. Members of the Board of Directors were charged with crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity - the three categories of war crimes defined at Nuremberg. But cold war politics meant that there was little support for giving them more than light sentences.
Kaufman returned to the U.S. in 1948 in the midst of the domestic cold war. As she later told an interviewer, it was "an atmosphere I hadn't watched develop and was appalled by it. I had been living in the past of the Nazi's rise to power - a rise which began with the elimination of the Communists and the use of anti-communism as a pretext for suspending the constitutional guarantees of the people - and came back to see what appeared to me to be the same development taking place in this country." (James, p. 91) Upon her return she established her private practice in New York City and began her life-long work as a defender of civil liberties and constitutional rights. From 1948 into the early 1960s, her legal work consisted primarily of defending leaders of the Communist Party of the United States (C.P.U.S.A.) who were indicted under the Smith Act in New York, Denver, and St. Louis. During this period she also represented individuals before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and the Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB).
1966 was a turning point in Kaufman's career: "At that time I decided to take stock and consider where to go next. I was terribly troubled by the racism in our society and the war in Vietnam. I spent a long time researching and reviewing the Nuremberg war crimes trials. I was overwhelmed by the similarity of the patterns of the Nazis with our own.... I wrote on the subject. I then traveled to Europe, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic to lecture and to study their legal systems.... When I came back the protests against war, racism and poverty were in full bloom." (James, p. 93-94)
In December 1967, during "Stop the Draft week" hundreds of war protestors were arrested in New York City and the National Lawyers' Guild set up the Mass Defense Committee, chaired by Kaufman, to defend them. It was the first time the Guild was to undertake direct representation of people arrested in political actions. In April 1968, when over a thousand people were arrested during the Columbia University strike, parents of students arrested helped to raise enough money to set up the Mass Defense Office. Kaufman directed the office from 1968 to 1971, supervising over 200 volunteer lawyers, law students, activists, and legal workers, and directing the defense of thousands arrested protesting for civil rights and peace.
Kaufman's development of the theory of the use of the Nuremburg Principles (particularly the principle of individual responsibility) was a guiding force in her defense of political activists. Over the next two decades she researched, spoke, and wrote on the subject of defending civil disobedience in the face of U.S. war crimes against peace and humanity. Kaufman was a legal advisor in the "Hickam 3" case of anti-Vietnam War protestors in Hawaii in 1972. From 1977 to 1983, she testified in a series of civil disobedience cases in defense of protestors of the Trident nuclear submarine based in Bangor, Washington, and she participated in several international tribunals from 1967 to 1984, investigating U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia; the use of atomic weapons against Japan; and the nuclear arms race.
In 1972, Mary Kaufman was hired as a visiting Professor to direct the Undergraduate Legal Studies Program at Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. She taught courses in McCarthyism; labor law; Nuremberg and international law; racism and the law; and political trials of the 20th Century. After leaving Antioch, Kaufman was hired as a Visiting Professor of Law at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, from 1975 to 1976 and she delivered the Commencement Address there in 1976.
Kaufman retired from legal casework by 1980, but continued to speak and write on issues such as peace and nuclear disarmament, civil rights, and political freedom. She died in New York City in 1995.
The Mary Metlay Kaufman Papers consist of 34 linear feet of material, dating from 1917 to 1994. The bulk of the papers date from 1946 to 1986 and focus on Kaufman's professional life. Types of materials include trial records and research; correspondence; published and unpublished writings; speeches; conference materials; teaching materials; research and subject files (including notes, drafts, newspaper clippings, articles, and printed materials); and a small amount of photographs and personal memorabilia. Wherever possible, Kaufman's original arrangement and folder titles have been retained.
Major themes that run throughout the collection include international law, the Nuremberg Principles, the Cold War, Communism, political trials in the U.S., the anti-Vietnam War and anti-nuclear movements, U.S. war crimes, and international human rights. Kaufman's papers document her life-long advocacy for the oppressed as well as for others who fought poverty, racism, war crimes, and political repression. The wide range of social causes in which she was involved illuminates connections between the Old Left, especially labor reform and C.P.U.S.A. activities, and the New Left's Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War movements.
The papers also document Kaufman's close associations with other prominent civil rights attorneys and the activities of the National Lawyers' Guild, as well as her involvement in other progressive organizations and in several international war crimes tribunals. Kaufman's research and writings reveal her development and use of the "Nuremberg defense" for those arrested in civil disobedience actions protesting war crimes.
Kaufman's papers reflect her personal battle as a woman attorney, having begun her legal career in the late 1930s. She often had to fight not only the prosecution, but also her own male colleagues for inclusion on defense teams. The financial struggles she had as a single mother are also apparent, in correspondence with clients regarding payment for her services for which she often received little or no compensation.
This collection is organized into eight series:
The papers are open to research according to the regulations of the Sophia Smith Collection, with the following exceptions:
Researchers must agree not to identify any clients represented by Mary Kaufman who are still living without their written permission.
The file on Grossman v. Joan Baez is closed until Baez's death.
Copyright for unpublished works by Mary Kaufman is held by her son, Michael Kaufman. Permission must be obtained to publish reproductions or quotations beyond "fair use." Copyright to materials authored by others may be owned by those individuals or their heirs or assigns. It is the responsibility of the researcher to identify and satisfy the holders of all copyrights. Permission to publish reproductions or quotations beyond "fair use" must also be obtained from the Sophia Smith Collection as owners of the physical property.
Please use the following format when citing materials from this collection:
Mary Metlay Kaufman Papers, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
Selections from the Mary Kaufman Papers can be viewed in the Web exhibit Agents of Social Change: New Resources on 20th-century Women's Activism .
Mary Kaufman donated her papers to the Sophia Smith Collection in 1995. Additional papers were given by her son, Michael Kaufman, after her death.
Processed by Margaret Jessup, 1999.
For additional biographical information on Mary Kaufman see:
Ginger, Ann Fagan (ed.), "War Crimes and Cold War Conspiracies," The Relevant Lawyers: Conversations Out of Court on Their Clients, Their Practice, Their Politics, Their Life Style. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972, pp. 184-215.
James, Marlise. The People's Lawyers. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, 1973, pp. 88-97.
Jessup, Margaret. "Mary Metlay Kaufman (1912-1995)" in Great American Lawyers: An Encyclopedia . John R. Vile, ed., Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2001.
"The Best Offense is a Mass Defense": Annual Dinner of the National Lawyers Guild/NYC Chapter (program), March 8, 1996, including tributes to Mary Kaufman by Bruce Bentley, Tim Coulter, Dan Myers, Gustin Reichbach, Ollie Rosengart, and Elliott Wilk.
Sobel, Robert. "A Woman of Conviction and Compassion," Guild Notes, Vol. XIV, No. 2, Fall 1995, p. 36-37.
Voices of Feminism Oral History Project: Margery Nelson interview.
Obituaries appear in The New York Times, September 11, 1995; and The Washington Post, September 12, 1995.
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(1924-77)
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.25 linear ft.
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This series includes articles and published interviews arranged chronologically, providing a useful overview of Kaufman's career and public appearances. [For publicity about specific events and trials, see also SERIES III. LEGAL PRACTICE and SERIES VI. SPEECHES]. Awards and honors include letters and tributes to Kaufman and other Smith Act defense attorneys, John Abt and Joseph Forer. There are also a few photographs and a few items of memorabilia. There is also a substantial F.B.I. file on Mary Kaufman (see box 1a and 1b). |
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(1940-82)
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.25 linear ft.
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This series contains personal and other non-professional correspondence. The rest of the correspondence in the collection relates to specific legal cases, organization work, or other activities, and is filed in the appropriate series. This series is arranged in three subseries: Family, Friends and associates, and Legal and financial. Friends and associates, include a General file of personal correspondence arranged chronologically. Included here are congratulatory letters to Kaufman on the establishment of her private practice in 1950, and personal letters from friends and colleagues. After the General file, correspondents are arranged alphabetically. Locations of additional material by and about individuals can be located by checking the Name Index. |
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(1937-84)
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22 linear ft.
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| Scope and content: This series includes files generated from Kaufman's early work for government labor agencies, her participation in the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, her private practice and consultative work, and Mass Defense Office cases. The series is arranged roughly chronologically, although the Smith Act cases and related appeals, circa 1948-65, are grouped together. The "General files" at the beginning of the series include materials related to her bar certification and early job applications. These are followed by correspondence, memoranda, and briefs from her tenures with the National Labor Relations Board, the National War Labor Board, and the National Wage Stabilization Board, 1939-46. The Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal files include court documents and briefs providing an overview of the case against the international chemical cartel, I.G. Farben. "The documents involving Nuremberg point to the mechanisms of imperialism, the relationship between big business and government and to the influence of cold war politics on the second tier of war crimes trials…." (from "Description of my files," Sophia Smith Collection). Also included is a small amount of correspondence and notes, and judgements from other Nuremberg tribunals. A set of 120 bound volumes containing the complete I.G. Farben trial transcript and indices was transferred to the Yale University Law Library. The Smith Act, passed by Congress in 1940, made it a crime to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the United States government. Kaufman's Smith Act case files document her participation in some of the most significant political trials of the Cold War period. Kaufman served on the defense team of the first Smith Act trial of the C.P.U.S.A. national leaders in U.S. v. Eugene Dennis, et al., in New York City, 1948-49. From 1952 to 1956 she represented several of the same defendants in appellate proceedings and went on to lead the defense teams in the trials of second tier and state-level party leaders in New York, St. Louis, and Denver. The Smith Act "General" files contain material pertaining to more than one Smith Act case and include correspondence between lawyers handling Smith Act cases around the country, publicity produced by the Defense Committee, and background information on government informers who testified repeatedly in different Smith Act trials. After the General files, the individual Smith Act cases are arranged chronologically. Filed at the end of the Smith Act cases are the case files of several appeals that emerged out of U.S. v. Dennis, et al. These include Robert Thompson's contempt appeal and appeals for the reinstatement of his veteran's benefits after they were revoked when he was convicted as a Communist. Kaufman also worked on the defense for attorneys Harry Sacher and Abraham Isserman who were found guilty of contempt during the Dennis trial. She also represented the Trustees of the Bail Fund of the Civil Rights Congress of New York in several matters, including their appeal on a contempt charge for refusing to name individuals who had contributed to the fund. These case files provide important (and often hard to find) primary source material that documents Communism and communists in the U.S., including biographical information, histories of grassroots activities around the country, court transcripts of Party member testimonies, and revealing personal correspondence with state and national party leaders. Some of the people represented are Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Claudia Jones, Robert Thompson, James and Dorothy Forest, and Betty Gannett. Of particular interest within the Smith Act trial records is the extensive correspondence between Kaufman, other attorneys, and various defendants regarding their defense strategies. The Research and preparation files include extensive background information on witnesses, including C.P.U.S.A members turned informants for the government. Also of interest is research material compiled on racial and class compositions of the local communities and used to challenge the make-up of the juries in several cases. Filed after the Smith Act cases, are materials relating to Kaufman's representation of individuals and organizations brought before the House Un-American Activities Committee (H.U.A.C.) and the Subversive Activities Control Board (S.A.C.B.), between 1950 and 1966. In addition, there is material on Kaufman's defense of individuals threatened with deportation by the Immigration Service, or those who had difficulties obtaining passports because of suspected Communist affiliations. The remaining cases in the series date from 1950 to 1984 and are arranged chronologically and include other anti-Communist cases, union matters, civil rights cases, and the defense of political activists and prisoners. Among these are materials pertaining to Kaufman's work in 1950-51 on an unsuccessful attempt for a stay of execution for Willie McGee, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman in Mississippi. Kaufman's Mass Defense Office case files, circa 1968-72, include documentation of her work on an amicus brief for the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression's defense of imprisoned Black Panther Party member David Rice in 1974. Other cases include several class action civil suits on behalf of prisoners in Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan. (For additional materials relating to the Mass Defense Office see SERIES V. ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES.) Files of the Hickam 3 and Trident cases, 1972-1984, cover Kaufman's work as legal consultant and expert witness on international law in the trials of anti-Vietnam War and anti-nuclear weapons activists. Also included in this series is material relating to her 1974 trip to Greece with other human rights advocates to investigate, and bring international attention to, brutality practiced against hundreds of political prisoners under a fascist rule. The records of each case are arranged alphabetically by type (or function) as follows: Briefs, Correspondence, Court documents, Publicity, Research and preparation, and Transcripts. Correspondence is generally arranged chronologically unless there is a significant amount with one individual, in which case it is in a separate file. Research and preparation files are arranged alphabetically by subject at the end of each case. [See Information on Use for restrictions] |
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(1917-76)
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1.25 linear feet
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This series is arranged in three subseries: Antioch College, Hampshire College, and Course materials. The first two subseries include correspondence and course evaluations written by students and colleagues. The Antioch College subseries also includes materials related to a 1973 campus strike in response to financial aid cuts and the layoff of union workers. Kaufman and other faculty participated in the strike and were dismissed for obstructing the entrance to an administration building. After several months of review procedures and hearings for the terminated faculty, Kaufman was reinstated. The Course materials include syllabi, lecture notes, and research files for courses taught by Kaufman at both Antioch and Hampshire College. (See also SERIES VIII. RESEARCH for unidentified notes and subject files that may have been used for these courses). |
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(1946-88)
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5 linear feet
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This series documents four decades of Kaufman's involvement in numerous causes, particularly the Civil Rights and peace movements, and international human rights. Materials relating to her participation in several international war crimes tribunals are also included here. The series is arranged alphabetically by name of the organization or conference. See the Name Index for organizations represented in other series. The largest amount of material in this series relate to Kaufman's work with the National Lawyers' Guild, including her terms on its national executive board and on the board of the New York City chapter. Types of material include correspondence with other Guild members; Guild publications; files on committee work; convention materials; and files on special projects, such as the preparation of amici curiae briefs for a Supreme Court appeal of the C.P.U.S.A. against the Subversive Activities Control Board, circa 1955-61. The Guild's Mass Defense Office (M.D.O.) records include correspondence; histories of the M.D.O.; and publications. Kaufman was director of the M.D.O. office from 1968 to 1971. Cases she worked on during that period are located in SERIES III. LEGAL PRACTICE. Other organizations represented include the International Association of Democratic Lawyers; the Lawyers' Committee on Nuclear Policy; the Lawyers' Committee on American Policy Towards Vietnam; and the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression. Kaufman was invited to take part in several international tribunals investigating U.S. war crimes. In 1967, she represented the National Lawyers' Guild at the International War Crimes Tribunal on American Involvement in Vietnam in Paris, sponsored by the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. She was a member of an international team of experts invited to Japan to investigate "the full implications of the use of the atom bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki," in 1977. And in 1984, Kaufman served on the International Tribunal on the Reagan Administration's Foreign Policy, sponsored by the International Progress Organization, in Brussels . |
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(1966-83)
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.5 linear ft.
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| Scope and content: This series contains published articles, unpublished drafts, notes, and research materials arranged alphabetically by title or topic. A recurring topic of Kaufman's writings is Nuremberg and the war crimes principles as they relate to the Vietnam War and the nuclear arms race. Other subjects include the Cold War and anti-communism. Writings produced for specific projects, committees, or organizations (such as a history of the Mass Defense Office) are filed in SERIES V. ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES. Unidentified drafts and notes are filed by subject in SERIES VIII. RESEARCH. |
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(1950-87)
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1 linear ft.
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| Scope and content: This series contains speech texts, notes, related correspondence, publicity, and research arranged alphabetically by subject or event name. Subjects include anti-communism, nuclear disarmament, international law, Nuremberg, the Civil Rights movement, and the Vietnam War. Papers and addresses given at conferences, tribunals, and other events that were sponsored by organizations in which Kaufman was active are filed in SERIES V. ORGANIZATIONS AND CONFERENCES. See also SERIES III. LEGAL PRACTICE for testimonies given by Kaufman in the Trident and Hickam 3 cases; course lectures in SERIES IV. TEACHING, and SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS for clippings publicizing Kaufman's activities, some of which include speaking. Unidentified notes that may also have been used for speeches are filed by subject in SERIES VIII. RESEARCH. |
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(1945-94)
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4 linear feet
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This series is arranged alphabetically by subject, including five major subject areas: anti-communism, Germany, Nuclear disarmament, Nuremberg and Nazis, and the Vietnam War. There are smaller amounts of material on international law, the Cold War, racism, the Civil Rights movement, U.S. foreign policy, various individuals, and miscellaneous topics. Types of material include articles, legal documents, unpublished writings by others, correspondence, notes and unidentified drafts, newspaper clippings, and printed materials. Kaufman's original file titles have been retained wherever possible. Most of these files appear to have been Kaufman's working files that were referred to, and added to, repeatedly over many years for a variety of projects, including legal cases, course lectures, articles, and speeches. Research files that were identified by Kaufman for specific purposes are filed in the appropriate series, such as Research and preparation files under each case in SERIES III. LEGAL PRACTICE, and Course materials in SERIES IV. TEACHING. |
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SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
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| Note: [See also F.B.I. file on Mary Kaufman, circa 1941-1978 in boxes 1a-1b] |
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Resumes
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n.d.
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Box 1: folder 1
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Articles and interviews
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1969-77
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Box 1: folder 2
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Education: diploma, honor roll lists, and letter of reference,
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1933-34, 1937
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Box 1: folder 3
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Awards and tributes (includes Joseph Forer and other National Lawyers' Guild members),
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1945-69, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 4
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Travel: passport application, correspondence, and printed materials,
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1965-66, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 5
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Memorabilia,
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1924, 1950-56, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 6
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Photos,
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n.d.
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Box 1: folder 7
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Miscellaneous: addresses and notes,
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n.d.
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Box 1: folder 8-9
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SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
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(1940-82)
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.25 linear ft.
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This series contains personal and other non-professional correspondence. The rest of the correspondence in the collection relates to specific legal cases, organization work, or other activities, and is filed in the appropriate series. This series is arranged in three subseries: Family, Friends and associates, and Legal and financial. Friends and associates, include a General file of personal correspondence arranged chronologically. Included here are congratulatory letters to Kaufman on the establishment of her private practice in 1950, and personal letters from friends and colleagues. After the General file, correspondents are arranged alphabetically. Locations of additional material by and about individuals can be located by checking the Name Index. |
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Family,
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1940-65, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 10
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Friends and associates
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Congratulatory letters on establishment of private practice,
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1950
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Box 1: folder 11
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General,
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1950-83, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 12
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Individuals
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Baxandall, Rosalyn (includes article on Elizabeth Gurley Flynn),
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1982
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Box 1: folder 13
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Caute, David,
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1974
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Box 1: folder 14
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DuBois, W.E.B. and A.C.L.U. (telegram),
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1961
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Box 1: folder 15
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Ann Fagan Ginger (includes writings, printed material, and obituary of Harry Sacher),
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1969-76, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 16
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Hutchins, Grace,
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1952, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 17
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Levy, Newman,
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n.d.
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Box 1: folder 18
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Narvaez Ochoa, Evelyn,
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1975
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Box 1: folder 19
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Winter, Carl,
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1961
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Box 1: folder 20
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Financial and legal (personal): correspondence, documents, bills,
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1950-53, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 21
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F.B.I. file on Mary Kaufman,
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circa 1941-1978
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Box 1a-1b
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| Note: {added in 2006} |
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SERIES III. LEGAL PRACTICE
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General: employment applications, correspondence (includes Joseph Forer and John Abt), bar certificates, and printed materials,
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1937-59
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Box 1: folder 22-25
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Early career
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Works Progress Administration: correspondence,
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1934-37
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Box 1: folder 26
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Frank Scheiner: correspondence,
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1939
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Box 1: folder 27
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National Labor Relations Board: correspondence and report,
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1939-41, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 28-29
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National War Labor Board
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General: job evaluations, and committee lists,
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1945, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 30
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Correspondence, memoranda, reports, and legal opinions,
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1945, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 31-32
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Briefs and printed materials,
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1945-46, n.d.
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Box 1: folder 33
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National Wage Stabilization Board: evaluations, correspondence, and official documents re: position,
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1946-47
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Box 1: folder 34
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Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal against I.G. Farben (United States v. Krauch)
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General: correspondence (includes Telford Taylor and Harry Truman), employment documents, and notes,
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1947-49, n.d.
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Box 2: folder 1-3
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Court documents,
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1945-48
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Box 2: folder 4-5
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Briefs,
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1947-48
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Box 2: folder 6-11
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Briefs,
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1948
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Box 3: folder 1-3
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Final judgement,
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1948
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Box 3: folder 4
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Concurring opinion (Justice Paul Herbert),
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1948
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Box 3: folder 5
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Roechling case judgement,
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1948
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Box 3: folder 6
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Smith Act cases
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General
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Correspondence
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Attorneys, defendants, and others involved in Smith Act cases around the country (includes Sydney Berger, Harriet Bouslog, Harold Buchman, Martin Chaucey, George Crockett, Frank Donner, Joseph Forer, Thelma Furry, Simon Gerson, Ann Fagan Ginger, Ernest Goodman, Robert Lewis, John McTernan, David Scribner, Frank Serri, and A.L. Wirin),
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1950-55, 1962
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Box 4: folder 1
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Mailing list,
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n.d.
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Box 4: folder 2
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Families of the Smith Act victims: government memorandum,
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1953
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Box 4: folder 3
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Publicity
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Newsletters (includes Civil Rights Congress, Joint Self Defense Committee),
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1951-56
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Box 4: folder 4
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Research and preparation (alphabetical by subject)
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A-E
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Box 4: folder 5-8
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Informers
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General (includes article by Frank Donner),
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1954-55
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Box 4: folder 9
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Argument on unreliability (includes National Lawyers' Guild),
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1949-55, n.d.
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Box 4: folder 10-11
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Force and violence statements,
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n.d.
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Box 4: folder 12
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Individuals, circa
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1952-1955, n.d.
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Baldwin, Bereniece
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Box 4: folder 13
|
|
Budenz, Louis
|
|
|
Box 4: folder 14
|
|
Clontz Ralph and Marlane Kowall
|
|
|
Box 4: folder 15
|
|
Crouch, Paul
|
|
|
Box 4: folder 16
|
|
Hartle, Barbara
|
|
|
Box 4: folder 17
|
|
Lautner, John
|
|
|
Box 5: folder 1-2
|
|
Younglove, Thomas
|
|
|
Box 5: folder 3
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
Box 5: folder 4
|
|
Subversive Activities Control Board v. American Committee for the Protection of the Foreign Born (informers in case),
|
1955
|
|
Box 5: folder 5
|
|
J-O
|
|
|
Box 5: folder 6-9
|
|
P-Y
|
|
|
Box 6: folder 1-4
|
|
United States v. Eugene Dennis, et al. [originally U.S. v. William Foster, et al.]
|
|
|
|
|
Court documents,
|
1948-59
|
|
Box 6: folder 5-7
|
|
Publicity,
|
1949-51
|
|
Box 6: folder 8
|
| Note: | |||
|
Appeals
|
|
|
|
| Note: | |||
|
U.S. Court of Appeals: briefs and petitions,
|
1949
|
|
Box 6: folder 9-11
|
|
Supreme Court: briefs, petitions, memoranda, and oral arguments,
|
1948-51
|
|
Box 7: folder 1-2
|
|
Henry Winston and Gil Green: briefs and petitions,
|
1950-57
|
|
Box 7: folder 3
|
|
Gus Hall: briefs,
|
1951
|
|
Box 7: folder 4
|
|
John Williamson: correspondence, publicity, and notes,
|
1953-54
|
|
Box 7: folder 5
|
|
Irving Potash: correspondence, billing, documents, and notes,
|
1956-57, n.d.
|
|
Box 7: folder 6
|
|
William Z. Foster
|
|
|
|
|
Briefs and petitions,
|
1959-60
|
|
Box 7: folder 7-8
|
|
Correspondence (includes Rowland Watts, Arnold Johnson),
|
1950-61
|
|
Box 7: folder 9-11
|
|
Court documents,
|
1959-60
|
|
Box 8: folder 1
|
|
Publicity: clippings and press release,
|
1959-60
|
|
Box 8: folder 2
|
|
Research and preparation: documents, correspondence, articles, drafts, and notes,
|
1948-60, n.d.
|
|
Box 8: folder 3-4
|
|
United States v. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, et al.
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence
|
|
|
|
|
General (includes Simon Gerson, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, John McTernan),
|
1951-53
|
|
Box 9: folder 1
|
|
Attorneys and others involved (includes Harold Ickes, Robert Minor, Simon Gerson),
|
1951-53
|
|
Box 9: folder 2-5
|
|
Defendants
|
|
|
|
|
Alexander Bittleman,
|
1953-56
|
|
Box 9: folder 6
|
|
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (includes Roger Baldwin),
|
1953-76, n.d.
|
|
Box 9: folder 7
|
|
Betty Gannett,
|
1955-56, n.d.
|
|
Box 9: folder 8
|
|
Victor Jerome,
|
1952-55
|
|
Box 9: folder 9-10
|
|
Arnold Johnson,
|
1955
|
|
Box 9: folder 11
|
|
Claudia Jones,
|
1955
|
|
Box 9: folder 12
|
|
Al Lannon,
|
1955
|
|
Box 9: folder 13
|
|
Pettis Perry,
|
1953
|
|
Box 9: folder 14
|
|
Alexander Trachtenberg,
|
1955, n.d.
|
|
Box 9: folder 15
|
|
Weinstock, Louis,
|
1955
|
|
Box 9: folder 16
|
|
Weinstone, William,
|
1955-56
|
|
Box 9: folder 17
|
|
Court documents,
|
1951-56, n.d.
|
|
Box 9: folder 18-19
|
|
Court documents,
|
1951-52, n.d.
|
|
Box 10-11
|
|
Court documents,
|
1952-55
|
|
Box 12: folder 1-5
|
|
Exhibits: lists, document,
|
1952, n.d.
|
|
Box 12: folder 6
|
|
Publicity (includes Naomi Barko),
|
1952-54
|
|
Box 12: folder 7-8
|
|
Research and preparation (alphabetical by subject)
|
|
|
|
|
A-C
|
|
|
Box 13: folder 1-8
|
|
Defendants
|
|
|
|
|
General: notes,
|
n.d.
|
|
Box 14: folder 1
|
|
George Charney: correspondence and notes,
|
1953-55
|
|
Box 14: folder 2
|
|
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: statements before court,
|
1951-52
|
|
Box 14: folder 3-4
|
|
Victor Jerome: writings, correspondence, documents, notes, and memorabilia,
|
1955-1957, n.d.
|
|
Box 14: folder 5-6
|
|
Claudia Jones: correspondence, medical records, documents, printed materials, and notes,
|
1950-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 14: folder 7-8
|
|
Jacob Mindel: correspondence, notes, and documents,
|
1951-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 14: folder 9
|
|
D-Jud
|
|
|
Box 14: folder 10-13
|
|
Jury challenge
|
|
|
Box 15: folder 1-11
|
|
K-T
|
|
|
Box 16: folder 1-4
|
|
Witnesses (includes Harvey Matusow and John Lautner),
|
1952-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 16: folder 4-11
|
| Note: | |||
|
Witnesses,
|
1952, n.d.
|
|
Box 17: folder 1-6
|
|
Transcripts (includes statements by Miles Lane, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn ),
|
1952, n.d.
|
|
Box 17: folder 8-10
|
|
Transcripts (includes statement by Frank Serri),
|
1952-53, n.d.
|
|
Box 18: folder 1-5
|
|
Appeals: briefs, petitions, correspondence (includes Delbert Metzger and A.L. Wirin), and documents,
|
1953-55
|
|
Box 19: folder 1-4
|
|
United States v. James Forest, et al. and United States v. William Sentner, et al. (St. Louis)
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence,
|
1953-58
|
|
|
|
General
|
|
|
Box 20: folder 1
|
|
Attorneys (includes Sydney Berger)
|
|
|
Box 20: folder 2
|
|
Defendants (includes Dorothy and James Forest, Robert and Irma Manewitz, and William Sentner)
|
|
|
Box 20: folder 3
|
|
Court documents,
|
1953-54, n.d
|
|
Box 20: folder 4-11
|
|
Research and preparation: printed materials, drafts, and notes,
|
1953-54, n.d.
|
|
Box 20: folder 12-16
|
|
Research and preparation, (cont'd)
|
1954, n.d.
|
|
Box 21: folder 1-3
|
|
Transcripts (includes statement by Marcus Murphy),
|
1954
|
|
Box 21: folder 4-5
|
|
Appeals: briefs, petitions, documents, and research,
|
1954-56, n.d.
|
|
Box 21: folder 6-12
|
|
Appeals: transcripts (includes statement by James Forest),
|
1954-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 22: folder 1-10
|
|
United States v. Arthur Bary, et al., Denver
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence,
|
1954-57, n.d.
|
|
|
|
General
|
|
|
Box 23: folder 1
|
|
Attorneys (includes William Bryans, III, Joseph Forer, William V. Hodges, John McTernan, Forrest C. O'Dell, and Samuel Rosenwien)
|
|
|
Box 23: folder 2-8
|
|
Defendants (Arthur and Anna Bary, Marta Correa, Lewis Johnson, Joseph Scherrer, and Harold Zeppelin)
|
|
|
Box 23: folder 9-13
|
|
Court documents,
|
1954-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 23: folder 14-18
|
|
Publicity,
|
1955-57
|
|
Box 23: folder 19-20
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1955, n.d.
|
|
Box 23: folder 21-23
|
|
Appeal: briefs and documents,
|
1955-56, n.d.
|
|
Box 24: folder 1-2
|
|
United States v. George Charney; James Jackson; Alexander Trachtenberg, et al.
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence,
|
1955-56
|
|
Box 25: folder 1
|
|
Court documents: government's list of documents and exhibits,
|
1955-56
|
|
Box 25: folder 2
|
|
Publicity,
|
1955
|
|
Box 25: folder 3
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1956, n.d.
|
|
Box 25: folder 4-12
|
|
Transcript (includes Simon Gerson and Doxey Wilkerson),
|
30 Apr-17 Sep 1956
|
|
Box 26-29
|
|
Appeal
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence (includes Ernest Angell, Grace Hutchins, Richard Criley, Doris Fine, Bella Altschuler, Boris Bittker, and George Charney),
|
1955-58
|
|
Box 30: folder 1-4
|
|
Court documents,
|
1956-57
|
|
Box 30: folder 5
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1953-57, n.d.
|
|
Box 30: folder 6-10
|
|
Smith Act-related cases
|
|
|
|
|
Attorneys' contempt case (United States v. Harry Sacher, Abraham Isserman, et al.)
|
|
|
|
|
Briefs and petitions
|
|
|
|
|
General,
|
1949-56
|
|
Box 31: folder 1-3
|
|
Disbarment appeals,
|
1952--61, n.d.
|
|
Box 31: folder 4-5
|
|
Correspondence (includes Leonard Boudin, Abraham Isserman, George Crockett, John McTernan, and Maurice Sugar),
|
1959-60
|
|
Box 31: folder 6-8
|
|
Court documents,
|
1949
|
|
Box 32: folder 1-4
|
|
Publicity: clippings and articles (includes I.F. Stone and Harry Sacher Defense Committee),
|
1950
|
|
Box 32: folder 5-6
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1950-63, n.d
|
|
Box 32: folder 7-13
|
|
Trustees of the Bail Fund of the Civil Rights Congress
|
|
|
|
|
General
|
|
|
|
|
History and background: memorandum and printed materials,
|
1949-52
|
|
Box 33: folder 1
|
|
Trustees' meetings: minutes and notes,
|
1947-52, n.d.
|
|
Box 33: folder 2
|
|
Briefs,
|
1951-52, n.d.
|
|
Box 33: folder 3-5
|
|
Correspondence (includes Robert Dunn, Grace Hutchins, Victor Rabinowitz, and Joan Mellen, ),
|
1951-56, 1994
|
|
Box 33: folder 6-7
|
|
Court documents,
|
1949-52
|
|
Box 33: folder 8-10
|
|
Financial records,
|
1947-53
|
|
Box 33: folder 11-13
|
|
Publicity (includes Howard Fast, I.F. Stone),
|
1951
|
|
Box 33: folder 14
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1950-55, n.d.
|
|
|
|
General
|
|
|
Box 34: folder 1-5
|
|
Bank investigation
|
|
|
Box 34: folder 6
|
|
Subversive Activities Control Board
|
|
|
Box 34: folder 7
|
|
Miscellaneous and unidentified
|
|
|
Box 34: folder 8-10
|
|
Transcripts
|
|
|
|
|
Testimonies of Bail Fund trustees in United States v. Eugene Dennis, et al.,
|
1951
|
|
Box 35: folder 1
|
|
United States v. Frederick Vanderbilt Field, et al.,
|
circa 1951
|
|
Box 35: folder 2
|
|
Bank investigation,
|
1951
|
|
Box 35: folder 3
|
|
Other matters
|
|
|
|
|
United States v. [?] Christoffel (O. John Rogge matter): correspondence, documents, and research,
|
1951-52, n.d.
|
|
Box 35: folder 4-8
|
|
William Patterson v. United States (CRC tax liability case): correspondence and court documents,
|
1954
|
|
Box 35: folder 9
|
|
Eisler (?) bail bond matter: correspondence (George Bragdon),
|
1949-50
|
|
Box 35: folder 10
|
|
Robert Thompson
|
|
|
|
|
Contempt case (United States v. Robert Thompson)
|
|
|
|
|
Briefs and petitions,
|
1954-58, n.d.
|
|
Box 36: folder 1
|
|
Correspondence (includes Marcus Goldman and Robert Lewis,
|
1953-62, n.d.
|
|
Box 36: folder 3-5
|
|
Court documents,
|
1951-60, n.d.
|
|
Box 36: folder 6-9
|
|
Publicity,
|
1953, 1961
|
|
Box 36: folder 10
|
|
Research and preparation: A-B,
|
1957-59, n.d.
|
|
Box 36: folder 11-15
|
|
Research and preparation: M-S,
|
1950-62, n.d.
|
|
Box 37: folder 1-7
|
|
Transcript,
|
1953
|
|
Box 37: folder 8
|
|
Veteran's pension case (Robert Thompson v. Whittier, Administrator of Veterans' Affairs)
|
|
|
|
|
Briefs,
|
1960-64, n.d.
|
|
Box 38: folder 1-7
|
|
Correspondence (includes VA, Robert Lewis, Joseph Forer, Robert and Leona Thompson),
|
1954-66
|
|
Box 38: folder 8-10
|
|
Documents,
|
1956-65
|
|
Box 39: folder 1-7
|
|
Publicity (A.C.L.U.),
|
1964
|
|
Box 39: folder 8
|
|
Research and preparation: General,
|
1950-64, n.d.
|
|
Box 39: folder 9-10
|
|
Research and preparation: B-T,
|
1950-64, n.d.
|
|
Box 40: folder 1-9
|
|
Transcript (Board of Veterans Appeals hearing),
|
1963
|
|
Box 40: folder 10
|
|
Estate settlement
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence (includes Sylvia Thompson),
|
1965-68
|
|
Box 41: folder 1
|
|
Court documents,
|
1965-69
|
|
Box 41: folder 2
|
|
Disbursement of estate and expenses: correspondence, receipts, and notes,
|
1959-68, n.d.
|
|
Box 41: folder 3
|
|
James Thompson (son): correspondence, notes, and financial records,
|
1965-68
|
|
Box 41: folder 4
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
n.d.
|
|
Box 41: folder 5
|
|
Arlington cemetery case (Sylvia Thompson v. McNamara, et al.)
|
|
|
|
|
Brief (A.C.L.U.),
|
1967
|
|
Box 41: folder 6
|
|
Correspondence (includes Joel Hoffman and Lawrence Speiser),
|
1965-66
|
|
Box 41: folder 7
|
|
Court documents,
|
1966-68
|
|
Box 41: folder 8
|
|
Publicity (includes copies of additional correspondence, documents, and publicity),
|
1966, n.d.
|
|
Box 41: folder 9
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
circa 1958-74
|
|
Box 41: folder 10
|
|
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) cases
|
|
|
|
|
General Electric employees, Bridgeport, CT: correspondence, notes, billing, printed materials, and clippings,
|
1956-58
|
|
Box 42: folder 1
|
| Note: | |||
|
David Fine: correspondence, billing, and notes,
|
1955
|
|
Box 42: folder 2
|
|
Oakley Johnson: documents, notes, printed materials, and publicity,
|
1952-57
|
|
Box 42: folder 3
|
|
Newark, N.J. (includes Manuel Cantor, John Norman, Louis Malinow, and John Karakos): correspondence, notes, and publicity,
|
1958
|
|
Box 42: folder 4
|
|
Miscellaneous: documents, and procedures,
|
n.d.
|
|
Box 42: folder 5
|
|
Subversive Activities Control Board (S.A.C.B.) cases
|
|
|
|
| Note: | |||
|
S.A.C.B. v. Council on African Affairs
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence (W. Alpheus Hunton),
|
1955
|
|
Box 42: folder 6
|
|
Court documents,
|
1952-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 42: folder 7
|
|
Publicity: newsletters and clipping,
|
1948-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 42: folder 8
|
|
Research and preparation,
|
1944-55, n.d.
|
|
Box 42: folder 9-11
|
|
Louisiana [S.A.C.B.] v. Junesh Jenkins
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence, memoranda, and billing (includes Leonard Boudin, Oakley Johnson, Corliss Lamont),
|
1957-58
|
|
Box 42: folder 12
|
|
Court documents,
|
1957, n.d.
|
|
Box 42: folder 13
|
|
Publicity (includes W.E.B. DuBois),
|
1957-58
|
|
Box 42: folder 14
|
|
Research and preparation (includes Oakley Johnson),
|
1957-58
|
|
Box 42: folder 15
|
|
S.A.C.B. v. W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America: documents and printed materials,
|
1966
|
|
Box 42: folder 16
|
|
Passport and immigration cases
|
|
|
|
|
General: correspondence, documents, printed materials, and notes,
|
1947-64
|
|
Box 43: folder 1
|
|
Immigration cases: correspondence (includes International Workers Order and American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born), documents, and notes,
|
1950-53, n.d.
|
|
Box 43: folder 2
|
| Note: | |||
|
Passports: correspondence (includes Robert Jackson, Corliss Lamont and James Jackson), documents, printed materials, and notes,
|
1957-60s
|
|
Box 43: folder 3
|
|
Dmytryshyn, Andrew: documents and notes,
|
1950, n.d.
|
|
Box 43: folder 4-5
|
|
International Workers' Order: documents, drafts, and notes,
|
1948-49, n.d.
|
|
Box 43: folder 6
|
|
Willie McGee v. [State of Mississippi]
|
|
|
|
|
Brief and petition (by Bella Abzug),
|
1950
|
|
Box 44: folder 1
|
|
Correspondence (includes Harriet Bouslog, Myer Symonds),
|
1950-51
|
|
Box 44: folder 2
|
|
Court documents,
|
1951
|
|
Box 44: folder 3
|
|
Publicity: clippings,
|
1945-51, n.d.
|
|
Box 44: folder 4
|
|
Research and preparation (includes article by Oakley Johnson),
|
1947-51, n.d.
|
|
Box 44: folder 5-8
|
|
National Guardian and the American Newspaper Guild: correspondence, memoranda, drafts, notes, and printed materials,
|
1948-1950, n.d.
|
|
Box 45: folder 1-2
|
|
Cuban banks: briefs and research,
|
1959-63
|
|
Box 45: folder 3-5
|
|
Gary Powers trial (Moscow): notes, drafts, and publicity,
|
1960
|
|
Box 45: folder 6-7
|
|
New York v. Molina Del Rio: documents, publicity, and briefs,
|
1960-64, n.d.
|
|
Box 46: folder 1-5
|
|
Grossman v. Joan Baez: memorandum,
|
1963
|
|
Box 46: folder 6
|
| Note: [CLOSED until Baez's death] |
|||
|
International Publishers
|
|
|
|
|
General: memoranda, correspondence (includes James Allen), documents, printed materials, and notes,
|
1963-1965, n.d.
|
|
Box 46: folder 7-8
|
|
International Publishers v. Hotel Belmont (re: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn speaking): correspondence, court documents, and printed materials,
|
1963, n.d.
|
|
Box 46: folder 9-11
|
|
International Publishers v. Hilton Hotel (re: anniversary and Alexander Trachtenberg's birthday celebration): correspondence, court documents, press release, drafts, notes, and printed materials,
|
1963-65, n.d.
|
|
Box 46: folder 12-15
|
|
Dialogue Publications: correspondence, documents, printed materials, and notes,
|
1961-1966, n.d.
|
|
Box 46: folder 16-19
|
| Note: | |||
|
Harlem 6 (New York v. Wallace Baker, et al.)
|
|
|
|
|
Correspondence (includes William Kunstler, Conrad Lynn, Gene Ann Condon, Victor Herwitz, and William Stringfellow),
|
1964-1967
|
|
Box 47: folder 1
|
|
Court documents,
|
1964-1967
|
|
Box 47: folder 2-3
|