The organization was started in spring, 1893 as the Gymnasium and Field Association. The name was changed in 1915 to the Smith College Athletic Association. It originally had oversight of all inter-class sports, and later expanded to sanction inter-house and intercollegiate events as well. The group has also overseen parts of such college events as Father's Day, Field Day, Float Night, and Rally Day.

The Athletic Association records contain materials describing the history and scope of participation of the group in college events, as well as its organization, associated groups, and the changes in athletic policy at Smith College. Types of materials include student handbooks, the constitutions and bylaws, advertisements for events, other announcements, officer records and notes, minutes, and photographs.