Since 1837, the study of the sciences has been emphasized at Mount Holyoke. In the first year of the Seminary, seven sciences were taught, including physiology, botany, natural philosophy, zoology, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. Natural philosophy was taught through text work supplemented by sets of lectures given by professors from nearby colleges who performed more elaborate experiments than the early equipment at Mount Holyoke allowed. In the 1877/1878 academic year, the name of this course of study was changed from natural philosophy to physics. The first physics laboratory at Mount Holyoke was initiated by Professor Mack in the 1885/1886 academic year. Between 1884 and 1886, influenced by the opening of the new laboratory, the study of physics expanded to include more opportunity for advanced work. By the 1887/1888 academic year, laboratory work was compulsory to satisfy the graduation requirement in physics, and an elective in physics was offered. In 1890/1891, the College acquired a full time instructor, Professor Keith. From 1897 until 1904, students were able to graduate from the College with a joint major in physics and chemistry or in physics and astronomy. By 1902/1903, the rapidly expanding Physics Department consisted of three full time instructors, one assistant, and thirteen semester courses. Since 1905, students have been able to graduate from the College with a major in physics.